How it works: Understanding the basics of the Endocannabinoid System
Highlights:
- The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a biological system that regulates a number of important functions in our bodies.
- Cannabinoids mimic the endocannabinoids that are produced within our bodies.
- The endocannabinoid system was discovered in the 1990s and continues to be investigated by scientists today.
While we recognize that cannabis is just a plant, the potential effects that come from the inhalation or ingestion of its powerful compounds must be understood before adults consider consuming it.
So how do the naturally occurring chemical compounds in cannabis, such as cannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and terpenes like myrcene or limonene, interact with our body and mind? The answer lies in the endocannabinoid system (ECS).
The ECS is an important internal system that helps regulate a number of key biological functions including appetite, mood, pain sensations, balance, memory, fertility, and movement.
What are endocannabinoids?
Our body naturally produces endocannabinoids, chemicals that interact with receptors called CB1 and CB2, which are located on cells throughout our body, including in the brain, immune system, blood vessels, digestive tract, and most major organs. The interactions that occur between endocannabinoids (anandamide and 2-AG) and receptors (CB1 and CB2) trigger a variety of different mental and physical responses, with the intent of returning the body to homeostasis.
How do cannabinoids interact with the body?
Cannabinoids from cannabis plants mimic the endocannabinoids our bodies produce. When they are introduced to our system, they interact with the same CB1 and CB2 receptors found on cells throughout our bodies, creating sensations that can affect the body and mind.
Not all cannabinoids react with each receptor in the same way. For example, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has an affinity for CB1 receptors, which exist in great concentrations in our brains. This may explain why consuming THC results in feelings of euphoria. The interactions of other cannabinoids with our CB1 and CB2 receptors are still being investigated.
Find out more about how the various cannabinoids in cannabis produce various effects.
